Penn state undergraduate bulletin

New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.Campus Resources Starfish Canvas Undergraduate Bulletin LionPATH Penn State Email Transfer Credit Tool. You are here. Home ≫ Semester by Semester Planning ...New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.The Undergraduate Bulletin Archive has previous years of Bulletins, so you can see the requirements for the year that you began at PSU. The business ...New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.University Park. Gregory King Program Chair for Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering 123 Hosler Building University Park, PA 16802 814-867-3547 [email protected]. Molly Hanna Academic Adviser 101 Hosler Building University Park, PA 16802 814-865-8475 [email protected] and Enrollment Units. Academic colleges at Penn State grant degrees and are generally organized around their subject matter. All Penn State majors are divided among academic colleges, which are the units from which students receive their degrees. The Division of Undergraduate Studies is the academic home for students exploring multiple ...New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.The Insider Trading Activity of Penn Laurence on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive. New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive. The federal government offers the American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) and the Lifetime Learning Credit (LLC) to reduce the cost of higher education. The AOTC is available to und... With more than 3,000 students, Penn State Abington is a residential campus that offers four-year degrees in 23 majors—or the first two years of more than 275 Penn State majors—undergraduate research, the Abington and Schreyer honors programs, study abroad, NCAA Division III athletics, continuing education and graduate programs, and more. New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.The Insider Trading Activity of Penn Laurence on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksNew Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.Reading comprehension is important for understanding the content that is actually being read; otherwise, readers can’t make sense of what they read and will have problems succeedin...New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.Undergraduate Mathematics Office Academic Advising 104 McAllister Building University Park, PA 16802 814-865-7528 [email protected]. Altoona. Michael D. Weiner Associate Professor of Mathematics Hawthorn Building 115 3000 Ivyside Park Altoona, PA 16601 814-949-5558 [email protected]. Harrisburg.Reading comprehension is important for understanding the content that is actually being read; otherwise, readers can’t make sense of what they read and will have problems succeedin...Courses are numbered as follows: Undergraduate Courses (1 to 399): General courses accepted in fulfillment of requirements for the bachelor's degrees. These courses are …New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.We’ve had huge debates about the future of work — are we going to be working from home, working from the office, or perhaps, working from anywhere? Work From Home is dead, long liv...Penn State Undergraduate Bulletin: Penn State's exploratory tool that allows students to learn about majors based on their interests; ... Penn State Undergraduate Admissions …With more than 3,000 students, Penn State Abington is a residential campus that offers four-year degrees in 23 majors—or the first two years of more than 275 Penn State …To access previous years' suggested academic plans, please visit the archive to view the appropriate Undergraduate Bulletin edition (Note: the archive only contains suggested academic plans beginning with the 2018-19 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin). Cybersecurity Analytics and Operations, B.S. at University Park CampusPenn State will replace its current Undergraduate Bulletin with a new web-based, academic catalog-management-system solution in March. The Undergraduate Bulletin …Southeastern State University, located in Durant, Oklahoma, is a public university that offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs. The campus is situated on over 4...The city of York, Penn., was the first capital of the United States of America. The Articles of Confederation were adopted while the government convened in York, making it the de f...New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.Why do college students so often treat philosophy as distinct (and often subordinate) to science? Each semester, I teach courses on the philosophy of science to undergraduates at t...New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.Liberal Arts Academic Advising 814-865-2545 Use the Liberal Arts Meet the Academic Advisers web page to see the contact information for the specific adviser (s) of this program. Career Paths. A minor in Japanese can be the basis for careers in the public sector (diplomatic corps, armed forces, intelligence, etc.), … Program Description. The mission of the faculty of the undergraduate computer engineering program at Penn State is to provide students with the knowledge and experience needed to pursue a productive lifelong career in industry or to engage in further study at the graduate level. Students participate in a balanced program of instruction covering ... Once you have accepted your offer of admission to Penn State Berks, look for an email titled, "Welcome to Penn State Berks - Transfer Student Information." This email will …New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.14 diverse units working together to enhance teaching and learning at Penn State. Ignite curiosity. Expand opportunity. Undergraduate Education enhances teaching and learning at Penn State through University-wide programs like orientation, course exploration, financial and tutoring support, engagement experiences, and faculty …To learn more about how to request changes to the University Bulletins, please review the following update policy and procedures for the appropriate bulletin: Undergraduate … The Bachelor of Science in Business (B.S.B.) is a professionally-oriented business degree program that combines the theoretical underpinnings of core business disciplines, notably business analytics, management, marketing, finance, and supply chain management, with applied study in a practical setting. Through the choice of an 18-credit option ... New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive. The Insider Trading Activity of Penn Laurence on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksCampus Resources Starfish Canvas Undergraduate Bulletin LionPATH Penn State Email Transfer Credit Tool. 50th Anniversary. A look back at how DUS has helped shape the education landscape at Penn State and nationally ... equity, and inclusion resources, inspiration from peers, thoughts from our staff, and ways of connecting to the larger Penn ...New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.Randall E. Newnham Professor of Political Science Gaige Building Reading, PA 19610 610-396-6177 [email protected]. Harrisburg. Juliette Tolay, Ph.D. Program Coordinator Olmsted W160 Middletown, PA 17057 717-948-6080 [email protected]. World Campus. New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive. Our accomplished faculty is invested in the success of a diverse student body, offering an affordable, accessible, and high-impact education. Abington is a dynamic community comprised of more than 3,100 students who are guided by the principles of innovation, engagement, multiculturalism, and inclusion. Students can choose from 25 bachelor's ... Kathryn A. Mussett Assistant Teaching Professor, Spanish Hawthorn Building 126 3000 Ivyside Park Altoona, PA 16601 814-949-5211 [email protected]. Berks. Maria C. Fellie Assistant Professor of Spanish Gaige 315 Reading, PA 19610 610-396-6449 [email protected]. Materials play a role in every industry and facet of life. Materials science and engineering is an interdisciplinary study of the properties of matter and the exploration for new and creative uses of ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites. Materials scientists and engineers study the entire life cycle of materials (production, synthesis and ... New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive. New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.To access previous years' suggested academic plans, please visit the archive to view the appropriate Undergraduate Bulletin edition (Note: the archive only contains suggested academic plans beginning with the 2018-19 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin). Cybersecurity Analytics and Operations, B.S. at University Park CampusThe Bachelor of Science in Business (B.S.B.) is a professionally-oriented business degree program that combines the theoretical underpinnings of core business disciplines, notably business analytics, management, marketing, finance, and supply chain management, with applied study in a practical setting. Through the choice of an 18-credit option ... Biology is the scientific study of life: the diversity and organization of organisms, from single-celled bacteria to multi-cellular plants and animals, including humans. These different levels of biological organization range from the molecules and cells that compose an organism, to the interacting organisms that make up an ecosystem. Philosophy lovers, prepare to be outraged. Philosophy lovers, prepare to be outraged. Down in Florida, a task force commissioned by Governor Rick Scott is putting the finishing tou... This section contains archived editions of the Undergraduate Bulletin. A new edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin is published at the beginning of the summer semester each year. At that time, the Undergraduate Bulletin edition from the previous academic year is archived. You can visit this page to access past editions of the Undergraduate ... Penn Staters have gone on to become many things—from CEOs to astronauts to Broadway stars. Your undergraduate degree is the first step in pursuing your passions. And with more than 275 majors, 200 minors, 100 undergraduate certificates, and 20 two-year associate degrees to choose from, you have plenty of options as you start your journey. The Undergraduate Bulletin is Penn State's comprehensive source for undergraduate academic information and program requirements. Use this section and navigation tools throughout the site to become familiar with general Bulletin information and discover new ways to explore academic opportunities across Pennsylvania and the world.Amanda Johnsen Assistant Professor and Undergraduate Program Director of Nuclear Engineering 113 Hallowell Building University Park, PA 16802 814-865-5928 [email protected]. Suggested Academic Plan. The suggested academic plan (s) listed on this page are the plan (s) that are in effect during the 2023-24 academic … Using this Bulletin. The six General Information sections in the Undergraduate Bulletin are designed to help you understand Penn State academic requirements and policies, as well as how to discover opportunities, as you pursue your academic goals. Information about the University structure and leadership, as well as tuition and financial aid ... If you buy teaching supplies, can you deduct them on your taxes? Find out if your teaching supplies are tax-deductible at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Picture the inside of a class... First-Year Students Entering Summer 2023, Fall 2023, Spring 2024. In order to be eligible for entrance to this major, students must satisfy the following requirements: 36-59 graded Penn State credits (excludes transfer and AP credits) completed with a grade of C or better: English - ENGL 15 or ENGL 30H or ESL 15 or ENGL 137H or CAS 137H. New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive. View the objectives and requirements for the MatSE B.S. in the University Bulletin. University Bulletin · Undergraduate Courses.New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.This article is part of an ongoing BULLETIN series exploring GE’s innovation, technology, and manufacturing initiatives in India. This article is part of an ongoing BULLETIN series...New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive. New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive. Colleges and Enrollment Units. Academic colleges at Penn State grant degrees and are generally organized around their subject matter. All Penn State majors are divided among academic colleges, which are the units from which students receive their degrees. The Division of Undergraduate Studies is the academic home for students exploring multiple ... New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.According to Penn State University, study skills refer to abilities that can be learned to improve study habits. Learning these skills helps improve the ability to learn, take test...New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.Penn State Undergraduate Bulletin: Penn State's exploratory tool that allows students to learn about majors based on their interests; ... Penn State Undergraduate Admissions …New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive. General Education is the heart of the undergraduate experience. From the sciences to the arts and humanities, General Education at Penn State prepares students to thrive personally and professionally in our diverse global society. Through General Education, students acquire skills, knowledge, and experiences for living in interconnected ... New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.Campus Resources Starfish Canvas Undergraduate Bulletin LionPATH Penn State Email Transfer Credit Tool. 50th Anniversary. A look back at how DUS has helped shape the education landscape at Penn State and nationally ... equity, and inclusion resources, inspiration from peers, thoughts from our staff, and ways of connecting to the larger Penn ...The Department of Curriculum and Instruction (C I) at Penn State offers undergraduate and graduate degrees and many options for teacher certification. There is a growing demand for graduates of teacher education programs. This department offers professional programs leading to certification in early childhood …New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive. The Undergraduate Bulletin is Penn State's comprehensive source for undergraduate academic information and program requirements. Use this section and navigation tools throughout the site to become familiar with general Bulletin information and discover new ways to explore academic opportunities across Pennsylvania and the world. The Undergraduate Bulletin is Penn State’s comprehensive source for undergraduate academic information and program requirements. Design your own, unique academic path by exploring over 600 programs and 11,000 courses offered at one of the world’s leading research institutions. Discover new opportunities as you pursue your academic passions.Familiarize yourself with information available in this Bulletin to learn about academic opportunities. Explore resources available on your college and campus ...To access previous years' suggested academic plans, please visit the archive to view the appropriate Undergraduate Bulletin edition (Note: the archive only contains suggested academic plans beginning with the 2018-19 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin). Cybersecurity Analytics and Operations, B.S. at University Park Campus Barbara DeHart Director, Undergraduate Biology Advising 227 Ritenour Building University Park, PA 16802 814-865-2329 [email protected]. Suggested Academic Plan. The suggested academic plan (s) listed on this page are the plan (s) that are in effect during the 2023-24 academic year. Program Description. The mission of the faculty of the undergraduate computer engineering program at Penn State is to provide students with the knowledge and experience needed to pursue a productive lifelong career in industry or to engage in further study at the graduate level. Students participate in a balanced program of instruction covering ... New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.We offer an academically rigorous, globally respected Penn State education in a setting where students can have close interaction with faculty and meaningful out-of-classroom experiences. With more than 4,500 undergraduate and graduate students, 80-plus academic programs, and an inspiring 854-acre campus, Penn State Behrend is among …Penn State Law Bulletin Update Policies and Procedures; Undergraduate Bulletin Update Template Forms and Guidelines. The following forms and guidelines should be used to …New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.A ribbon bulletin board is a great way to showcase photos and memorabilia. Create your own ribbon bulletin board with this simple step-by-step guide. Advertisement The ribbon bulle...Philosophy lovers, prepare to be outraged. Philosophy lovers, prepare to be outraged. Down in Florida, a task force commissioned by Governor Rick Scott is putting the finishing tou...The Undergraduate Bulletin is the comprehensive source for undergraduate academic information and program requirements. Advisers use the Bulletin to view ...New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive. New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive. University Park. 814-865-2545 Use the Liberal Arts Meet the Academic Advisers web page to see the contact information for the specific adviser (s) of this program. Abington. Associate Professor of Asian History and Religious Studies 1600 Woodland Road Abington, PA 19001 215-881-7826 [email protected]. Career Paths.New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive.With more than 3,000 students, Penn State Abington is a residential campus that offers four-year degrees in 23 majors—or the first two years of more than 275 Penn State majors—undergraduate research, the Abington and Schreyer honors programs, study abroad, NCAA Division III athletics, continuing education and graduate programs, and … The official electronic transcript is a PDF secured by a digital certificate which is displayed at the top of the transcript along with a blue ribbon. The University Registrar will not release an official transcript without the student's signature. Transcripts can be ordered online through LionPATH or in-person at 112 Shields Building on the ... Campus Resources Starfish Canvas Undergraduate Bulletin LionPATH Penn State Email Transfer Credit Tool. 50th Anniversary. A look back at how DUS has helped shape the education landscape at Penn State and nationally ... equity, and inclusion resources, inspiration from peers, thoughts from our staff, and ways of connecting to the larger Penn ...Your whole future balances on acing one test -- but no pressure. We have 10 tips on how to stay calm, make a plan and study effectively for the MCAT. Advertisement You know you'd b...Surfboards, huarache sandals and endless sunshine? Yes. But throw in some Conquistadors, a Spanish novel, Black Amazons and, of course, Charlemagne and — voilà — the name "Californ...If you buy teaching supplies, can you deduct them on your taxes? Find out if your teaching supplies are tax-deductible at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Picture the inside of a class...Southeastern State University, located in Durant, Oklahoma, is a public university that offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs. The campus is situated on over 4... Colleges and Enrollment Units. Academic colleges at Penn State grant degrees and are generally organized around their subject matter. All Penn State majors are divided among academic colleges, which are the units from which students receive their degrees. The Division of Undergraduate Studies is the academic home for students exploring multiple ... 14 diverse units working together to enhance teaching and learning at Penn State. Ignite curiosity. Expand opportunity. Undergraduate Education enhances teaching and learning at Penn State through University-wide programs like orientation, course exploration, financial and tutoring support, engagement experiences, and faculty … New Bulletin Edition: You are viewing the 2023-2024 edition of the Undergraduate Bulletin. Undergraduate students who entered the university prior to Summer 2023 should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the archive. | cwkfdsfcvu (article) | vbpdd.